Merge remote-tracking branch 'osulazer/master' into develop

CodeAnalysis/BannedSymbols.txt

@@ -19,3 +19,7 @@ P:System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.Result;Don't use Task.Result. Use Task.GetResult
 M:System.Threading.ManualResetEventSlim.Wait();Specify a timeout to avoid waiting forever.
 M:System.String.ToLower();string.ToLower() changes behaviour depending on CultureInfo.CurrentCulture. Use string.ToLowerInvariant() instead. If wanting culture-sensitive behaviour, explicitly provide CultureInfo.CurrentCulture or use LocalisableString.
 M:System.String.ToUpper();string.ToUpper() changes behaviour depending on CultureInfo.CurrentCulture. Use string.ToUpperInvariant() instead. If wanting culture-sensitive behaviour, explicitly provide CultureInfo.CurrentCulture or use LocalisableString.
+M:Humanizer.InflectorExtensions.Pascalize(System.String);Humanizer's .Pascalize() extension method changes behaviour depending on CultureInfo.CurrentCulture. Use StringDehumanizeExtensions.ToPascalCase() instead.
+M:Humanizer.InflectorExtensions.Camelize(System.String);Humanizer's .Camelize() extension method changes behaviour depending on CultureInfo.CurrentCulture. Use StringDehumanizeExtensions.ToCamelCase() instead.
+M:Humanizer.InflectorExtensions.Underscore(System.String);Humanizer's .Underscore() extension method changes behaviour depending on CultureInfo.CurrentCulture. Use StringDehumanizeExtensions.ToSnakeCase() instead.
+M:Humanizer.InflectorExtensions.Kebaberize(System.String);Humanizer's .Kebaberize() extension method changes behaviour depending on CultureInfo.CurrentCulture. Use StringDehumanizeExtensions.ToKebabCase() instead.

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyFreeform.Tests.csproj

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
       <GenerateProgramFile>false</GenerateProgramFile>
     </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Appveyor.TestLogger" Version="2.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
     <GenerateProgramFile>false</GenerateProgramFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Appveyor.TestLogger" Version="2.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonRuleset.cs

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
@@ -50,9 +48,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.X, PippidonAction.Button2),
         };
 
-        public override Drawable CreateIcon() => new Sprite
+        public override Drawable CreateIcon() => new PippidonRulesetIcon(this);
-        {
-            Texture = new TextureStore(new TextureLoaderStore(CreateResourceStore()), false).Get("Textures/coin"),
-        };
     }
 }

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonRulesetIcon.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
+{
+    public class PippidonRulesetIcon : Sprite
+    {
+        private readonly Ruleset ruleset;
+
+        public PippidonRulesetIcon(Ruleset ruleset)
+        {
+            this.ruleset = ruleset;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(IRenderer renderer)
+        {
+            Texture = new TextureStore(renderer, new TextureLoaderStore(ruleset.CreateResourceStore()), false).Get("Textures/coin");
+        }
+    }
+}

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-empty/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.EmptyScrolling.Tests.csproj

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
     <GenerateProgramFile>false</GenerateProgramFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Appveyor.TestLogger" Version="2.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon.Tests.csproj

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
     <GenerateProgramFile>false</GenerateProgramFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Appveyor.TestLogger" Version="2.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonRuleset.cs

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Difficulty;
@@ -47,10 +45,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
             new KeyBinding(InputKey.S, PippidonAction.MoveDown),
         };
 
-        public override Drawable CreateIcon() => new Sprite
+        public override Drawable CreateIcon() => new PippidonRulesetIcon(this);
-        {
-            Margin = new MarginPadding { Top = 3 },
-            Texture = new TextureStore(new TextureLoaderStore(CreateResourceStore()), false).Get("Textures/coin"),
-        };
     }
 }

Templates/Rulesets/ruleset-scrolling-example/osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon/PippidonRulesetIcon.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Pippidon
+{
+    public class PippidonRulesetIcon : Sprite
+    {
+        private readonly Ruleset ruleset;
+
+        public PippidonRulesetIcon(Ruleset ruleset)
+        {
+            this.ruleset = ruleset;
+
+            Margin = new MarginPadding { Top = 3 };
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load(IRenderer renderer)
+        {
+            Texture = new TextureStore(renderer, new TextureLoaderStore(ruleset.CreateResourceStore()), false).Get("Textures/coin");
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Android.props

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
     <Reference Include="Java.Interop" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2022.702.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Game.Resources" Version="2022.810.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2022.702.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2022.810.2" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Transitive Dependencies">
     <!-- Realm needs to be directly referenced in all Xamarin projects, as it will not pull in its transitive dependencies otherwise. -->

osu.Android/AndroidJoystickSettings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Android.Input;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Localisation;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings;
+
+namespace osu.Android
+{
+    public class AndroidJoystickSettings : SettingsSubsection
+    {
+        protected override LocalisableString Header => JoystickSettingsStrings.JoystickGamepad;
+
+        private readonly AndroidJoystickHandler joystickHandler;
+
+        private readonly Bindable<bool> enabled = new BindableBool(true);
+
+        private SettingsSlider<float> deadzoneSlider = null!;
+
+        private Bindable<float> handlerDeadzone = null!;
+
+        private Bindable<float> localDeadzone = null!;
+
+        public AndroidJoystickSettings(AndroidJoystickHandler joystickHandler)
+        {
+            this.joystickHandler = joystickHandler;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+        private void load()
+        {
+            // use local bindable to avoid changing enabled state of game host's bindable.
+            handlerDeadzone = joystickHandler.DeadzoneThreshold.GetBoundCopy();
+            localDeadzone = handlerDeadzone.GetUnboundCopy();
+
+            Children = new Drawable[]
+            {
+                new SettingsCheckbox
+                {
+                    LabelText = CommonStrings.Enabled,
+                    Current = enabled
+                },
+                deadzoneSlider = new SettingsSlider<float>
+                {
+                    LabelText = JoystickSettingsStrings.DeadzoneThreshold,
+                    KeyboardStep = 0.01f,
+                    DisplayAsPercentage = true,
+                    Current = localDeadzone,
+                },
+            };
+        }
+
+        protected override void LoadComplete()
+        {
+            base.LoadComplete();
+
+            enabled.BindTo(joystickHandler.Enabled);
+            enabled.BindValueChanged(e => deadzoneSlider.Current.Disabled = !e.NewValue, true);
+
+            handlerDeadzone.BindValueChanged(val =>
+            {
+                bool disabled = localDeadzone.Disabled;
+
+                localDeadzone.Disabled = false;
+                localDeadzone.Value = val.NewValue;
+                localDeadzone.Disabled = disabled;
+            }, true);
+
+            localDeadzone.BindValueChanged(val => handlerDeadzone.Value = val.NewValue);
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Android/OsuGameAndroid.cs

@@ -96,6 +96,9 @@ namespace osu.Android
                 case AndroidMouseHandler mh:
                     return new AndroidMouseSettings(mh);
 
+                case AndroidJoystickHandler jh:
+                    return new AndroidJoystickSettings(jh);
+
                 default:
                     return base.CreateSettingsSubsectionFor(handler);
             }
@@ -103,9 +106,9 @@ namespace osu.Android
 
         private class AndroidBatteryInfo : BatteryInfo
         {
-            public override double ChargeLevel => Battery.ChargeLevel;
+            public override double? ChargeLevel => Battery.ChargeLevel;
 
-            public override bool IsCharging => Battery.PowerSource != BatteryPowerSource.Battery;
+            public override bool OnBattery => Battery.PowerSource == BatteryPowerSource.Battery;
         }
     }
 }

osu.Android/osu.Android.csproj

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
     <EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>true</EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="AndroidJoystickSettings.cs" />
     <Compile Include="AndroidMouseSettings.cs" />
     <Compile Include="GameplayScreenRotationLocker.cs" />
     <Compile Include="OsuGameActivity.cs" />

osu.Desktop/DiscordRichPresence.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Text;
 using DiscordRPC;
@@ -26,15 +24,15 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
     {
         private const string client_id = "367827983903490050";
 
-        private DiscordRpcClient client;
+        private DiscordRpcClient client = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private IBindable<RulesetInfo> ruleset { get; set; }
+        private IBindable<RulesetInfo> ruleset { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        private IBindable<APIUser> user;
+        private IBindable<APIUser> user = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private IAPIProvider api { get; set; }
+        private IAPIProvider api { get; set; } = null!;
 
         private readonly IBindable<UserStatus> status = new Bindable<UserStatus>();
         private readonly IBindable<UserActivity> activity = new Bindable<UserActivity>();
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                 presence.Assets.LargeImageText = string.Empty;
             else
             {
-                if (user.Value.RulesetsStatistics != null && user.Value.RulesetsStatistics.TryGetValue(ruleset.Value.ShortName, out UserStatistics statistics))
+                if (user.Value.RulesetsStatistics != null && user.Value.RulesetsStatistics.TryGetValue(ruleset.Value.ShortName, out UserStatistics? statistics))
                     presence.Assets.LargeImageText = $"{user.Value.Username}" + (statistics.GlobalRank > 0 ? $" (rank #{statistics.GlobalRank:N0})" : string.Empty);
                 else
                     presence.Assets.LargeImageText = $"{user.Value.Username}" + (user.Value.Statistics?.GlobalRank > 0 ? $" (rank #{user.Value.Statistics.GlobalRank:N0})" : string.Empty);
@@ -164,7 +162,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
             });
         }
 
-        private IBeatmapInfo getBeatmap(UserActivity activity)
+        private IBeatmapInfo? getBeatmap(UserActivity activity)
         {
             switch (activity)
             {
@@ -183,10 +181,10 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
             switch (activity)
             {
                 case UserActivity.InGame game:
-                    return game.BeatmapInfo.ToString();
+                    return game.BeatmapInfo.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
 
                 case UserActivity.Editing edit:
-                    return edit.BeatmapInfo.ToString();
+                    return edit.BeatmapInfo.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
 
                 case UserActivity.InLobby lobby:
                     return privacyMode.Value == DiscordRichPresenceMode.Limited ? string.Empty : lobby.Room.Name.Value;

osu.Desktop/LegacyIpc/LegacyIpcDifficultyCalculationRequest.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 namespace osu.Desktop.LegacyIpc
 {
     /// <summary>
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.LegacyIpc
     /// </remarks>
     public class LegacyIpcDifficultyCalculationRequest
     {
-        public string BeatmapFile { get; set; }
+        public string BeatmapFile { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public int RulesetId { get; set; }
         public int Mods { get; set; }
     }

osu.Desktop/LegacyIpc/LegacyIpcDifficultyCalculationResponse.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 namespace osu.Desktop.LegacyIpc
 {
     /// <summary>

osu.Desktop/LegacyIpc/LegacyIpcMessage.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Framework.Platform;
 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
 
@@ -39,17 +37,20 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.LegacyIpc
         public new object Value
         {
             get => base.Value;
-            set => base.Value = new Data
+            set => base.Value = new Data(value.GetType().Name, value);
-            {
-                MessageType = value.GetType().Name,
-                MessageData = value
-            };
         }
 
         public class Data
         {
-            public string MessageType { get; set; }
+            public string MessageType { get; }
-            public object MessageData { get; set; }
+
+            public object MessageData { get; }
+
+            public Data(string messageType, object messageData)
+            {
+                MessageType = messageType;
+                MessageData = messageData;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

osu.Desktop/OsuGameDesktop.cs

@@ -22,11 +22,15 @@ using osu.Framework.Input.Handlers;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Handlers.Joystick;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Handlers.Mouse;
 using osu.Framework.Input.Handlers.Tablet;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Handlers.Touch;
 using osu.Framework.Threading;
 using osu.Game.IO;
 using osu.Game.IPC;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings;
+using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections;
 using osu.Game.Overlays.Settings.Sections.Input;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
+using SDL2;
 
 namespace osu.Desktop
 {
@@ -156,11 +160,16 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
                 case JoystickHandler jh:
                     return new JoystickSettings(jh);
 
+                case TouchHandler th:
+                    return new InputSection.HandlerSection(th);
+
                 default:
                     return base.CreateSettingsSubsectionFor(handler);
             }
         }
 
+        protected override BatteryInfo CreateBatteryInfo() => new SDL2BatteryInfo();
+
         private readonly List<string> importableFiles = new List<string>();
         private ScheduledDelegate? importSchedule;
 
@@ -201,5 +210,23 @@ namespace osu.Desktop
             base.Dispose(isDisposing);
             osuSchemeLinkIPCChannel?.Dispose();
         }
+
+        private class SDL2BatteryInfo : BatteryInfo
+        {
+            public override double? ChargeLevel
+            {
+                get
+                {
+                    SDL.SDL_GetPowerInfo(out _, out int percentage);
+
+                    if (percentage == -1)
+                        return null;
+
+                    return percentage / 100.0;
+                }
+            }
+
+            public override bool OnBattery => SDL.SDL_GetPowerInfo(out _, out _) == SDL.SDL_PowerState.SDL_POWERSTATE_ON_BATTERY;
+        }
     }
 }

osu.Desktop/Program.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
@@ -14,22 +12,47 @@ using osu.Framework.Platform;
 using osu.Game;
 using osu.Game.IPC;
 using osu.Game.Tournament;
+using SDL2;
 using Squirrel;
 
 namespace osu.Desktop
 {
     public static class Program
     {
+#if DEBUG
+        private const string base_game_name = @"osu-development";
+#else
         private const string base_game_name = @"osu";
+#endif
 
-        private static LegacyTcpIpcProvider legacyIpc;
+        private static LegacyTcpIpcProvider? legacyIpc;
 
         [STAThread]
         public static void Main(string[] args)
         {
             // run Squirrel first, as the app may exit after these run
             if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+            {
+                var windowsVersion = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
+
+                // While .NET 6 still supports Windows 7 and above, we are limited by realm currently, as they choose to only support 8.1 and higher.
+                // See https://www.mongodb.com/docs/realm/sdk/dotnet/#supported-platforms
+                if (windowsVersion.Major < 6 || (windowsVersion.Major == 6 && windowsVersion.Minor <= 2))
+                {
+                    // If users running in compatibility mode becomes more of a common thing, we may want to provide better guidance or even consider
+                    // disabling it ourselves.
+                    // We could also better detect compatibility mode if required:
+                    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10744651/how-i-can-detect-if-my-application-is-running-under-compatibility-mode#comment58183249_10744730
+                    SDL.SDL_ShowSimpleMessageBox(SDL.SDL_MessageBoxFlags.SDL_MESSAGEBOX_ERROR,
+                        "Your operating system is too old to run osu!",
+                        "This version of osu! requires at least Windows 8.1 to run.\n"
+                        + "Please upgrade your operating system or consider using an older version of osu!.\n\n"
+                        + "If you are running a newer version of windows, please check you don't have \"Compatibility mode\" turned on for osu!", IntPtr.Zero);
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 setupSquirrel();
+            }
 
             // Back up the cwd before DesktopGameHost changes it
             string cwd = Environment.CurrentDirectory;

osu.Desktop/Security/ElevatedPrivilegesChecker.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Security.Principal;
 using osu.Framework;
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Security
     public class ElevatedPrivilegesChecker : Component
     {
         [Resolved]
-        private INotificationOverlay notifications { get; set; }
+        private INotificationOverlay notifications { get; set; } = null!;
 
         private bool elevated;
 

osu.Desktop/Updater/SquirrelUpdateManager.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
@@ -26,8 +24,8 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
     [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
     public class SquirrelUpdateManager : osu.Game.Updater.UpdateManager
     {
-        private UpdateManager updateManager;
+        private UpdateManager? updateManager;
-        private INotificationOverlay notificationOverlay;
+        private INotificationOverlay notificationOverlay = null!;
 
         public Task PrepareUpdateAsync() => UpdateManager.RestartAppWhenExited();
 
@@ -50,12 +48,12 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
 
         protected override async Task<bool> PerformUpdateCheck() => await checkForUpdateAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
 
-        private async Task<bool> checkForUpdateAsync(bool useDeltaPatching = true, UpdateProgressNotification notification = null)
+        private async Task<bool> checkForUpdateAsync(bool useDeltaPatching = true, UpdateProgressNotification? notification = null)
         {
             // should we schedule a retry on completion of this check?
             bool scheduleRecheck = true;
 
-            const string github_token = null; // TODO: populate.
+            const string? github_token = null; // TODO: populate.
 
             try
             {
@@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
         private class UpdateCompleteNotification : ProgressCompletionNotification
         {
             [Resolved]
-            private OsuGame game { get; set; }
+            private OsuGame game { get; set; } = null!;
 
             public UpdateCompleteNotification(SquirrelUpdateManager updateManager)
             {
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Updater
                 Activated = () =>
                 {
                     updateManager.PrepareUpdateAsync()
-                                 .ContinueWith(_ => updateManager.Schedule(() => game?.AttemptExit()));
+                                 .ContinueWith(_ => updateManager.Schedule(() => game.AttemptExit()));
                     return true;
                 };
             }

osu.Desktop/Windows/GameplayWinKeyBlocker.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -14,12 +12,12 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Windows
 {
     public class GameplayWinKeyBlocker : Component
     {
-        private Bindable<bool> disableWinKey;
+        private Bindable<bool> disableWinKey = null!;
-        private IBindable<bool> localUserPlaying;
+        private IBindable<bool> localUserPlaying = null!;
-        private IBindable<bool> isActive;
+        private IBindable<bool> isActive = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private GameHost host { get; set; }
+        private GameHost host { get; set; } = null!;
 
         [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
         private void load(ILocalUserPlayInfo localUserInfo, OsuConfigManager config)

osu.Desktop/Windows/WindowsKey.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Desktop.Windows
         private const int wm_syskeyup = 261;
 
         //Resharper disable once NotAccessedField.Local
-        private static LowLevelKeyboardProcDelegate keyboardHookDelegate; // keeping a reference alive for the GC
+        private static LowLevelKeyboardProcDelegate? keyboardHookDelegate; // keeping a reference alive for the GC
         private static IntPtr keyHook;
 
         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]

osu.Desktop/osu.Desktop.csproj

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu\osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Clowd.Squirrel" Version="2.9.40" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Clowd.Squirrel" Version="2.9.42" />
     <PackageReference Include="Mono.Posix.NETStandard" Version="1.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Packaging" Version="6.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="5.0.14" />

osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkBeatmapParsing.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.IO;
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
 using osu.Framework.IO.Stores;

osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkHitObject.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Objects;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
+{
+    public class BenchmarkHitObject : BenchmarkTest
+    {
+        [Params(1, 100, 1000)]
+        public int Count { get; set; }
+
+        [Params(false, true)]
+        public bool WithBindableAccess { get; set; }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public HitCircle[] OsuCircle()
+        {
+            var circles = new HitCircle[Count];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
+            {
+                circles[i] = new HitCircle();
+
+                if (WithBindableAccess)
+                {
+                    _ = circles[i].PositionBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].ScaleBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboIndexBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboOffsetBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].StackHeightBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].LastInComboBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboIndexWithOffsetsBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].IndexInCurrentComboBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].SamplesBindable;
+                    _ = circles[i].StartTimeBindable;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _ = circles[i].Position;
+                    _ = circles[i].Scale;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboIndex;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboOffset;
+                    _ = circles[i].StackHeight;
+                    _ = circles[i].LastInCombo;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboIndexWithOffsets;
+                    _ = circles[i].IndexInCurrentCombo;
+                    _ = circles[i].Samples;
+                    _ = circles[i].StartTime;
+                    _ = circles[i].Position;
+                    _ = circles[i].Scale;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboIndex;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboOffset;
+                    _ = circles[i].StackHeight;
+                    _ = circles[i].LastInCombo;
+                    _ = circles[i].ComboIndexWithOffsets;
+                    _ = circles[i].IndexInCurrentCombo;
+                    _ = circles[i].Samples;
+                    _ = circles[i].StartTime;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return circles;
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public Hit[] TaikoHit()
+        {
+            var hits = new Hit[Count];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
+            {
+                hits[i] = new Hit();
+
+                if (WithBindableAccess)
+                {
+                    _ = hits[i].TypeBindable;
+                    _ = hits[i].IsStrongBindable;
+                    _ = hits[i].SamplesBindable;
+                    _ = hits[i].StartTimeBindable;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _ = hits[i].Type;
+                    _ = hits[i].IsStrong;
+                    _ = hits[i].Samples;
+                    _ = hits[i].StartTime;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return hits;
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public Fruit[] CatchFruit()
+        {
+            var fruit = new Fruit[Count];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
+            {
+                fruit[i] = new Fruit();
+
+                if (WithBindableAccess)
+                {
+                    _ = fruit[i].OriginalXBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].XOffsetBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].ScaleBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].ComboIndexBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].HyperDashBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].LastInComboBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].ComboIndexWithOffsetsBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].IndexInCurrentComboBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].IndexInBeatmapBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].SamplesBindable;
+                    _ = fruit[i].StartTimeBindable;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _ = fruit[i].OriginalX;
+                    _ = fruit[i].XOffset;
+                    _ = fruit[i].Scale;
+                    _ = fruit[i].ComboIndex;
+                    _ = fruit[i].HyperDash;
+                    _ = fruit[i].LastInCombo;
+                    _ = fruit[i].ComboIndexWithOffsets;
+                    _ = fruit[i].IndexInCurrentCombo;
+                    _ = fruit[i].IndexInBeatmap;
+                    _ = fruit[i].Samples;
+                    _ = fruit[i].StartTime;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return fruit;
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public Note[] ManiaNote()
+        {
+            var notes = new Note[Count];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
+            {
+                notes[i] = new Note();
+
+                if (WithBindableAccess)
+                {
+                    _ = notes[i].ColumnBindable;
+                    _ = notes[i].SamplesBindable;
+                    _ = notes[i].StartTimeBindable;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _ = notes[i].Column;
+                    _ = notes[i].Samples;
+                    _ = notes[i].StartTime;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return notes;
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkMod.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
@@ -11,7 +9,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
 {
     public class BenchmarkMod : BenchmarkTest
     {
-        private OsuModDoubleTime mod;
+        private OsuModDoubleTime mod = null!;
 
         [Params(1, 10, 100)]
         public int Times { get; set; }

osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkRealmReads.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
@@ -17,9 +15,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
 {
     public class BenchmarkRealmReads : BenchmarkTest
     {
-        private TemporaryNativeStorage storage;
+        private TemporaryNativeStorage storage = null!;
-        private RealmAccess realm;
+        private RealmAccess realm = null!;
-        private UpdateThread updateThread;
+        private UpdateThread updateThread = null!;
 
         [Params(1, 100, 1000)]
         public int ReadsPerFetch { get; set; }
@@ -135,9 +133,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
         [GlobalCleanup]
         public void Cleanup()
         {
-            realm?.Dispose();
+            realm.Dispose();
-            storage?.Dispose();
+            storage.Dispose();
-            updateThread?.Exit();
+            updateThread.Exit();
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkRuleset.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Engines;
 using osu.Game.Online.API;
@@ -13,9 +11,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Benchmarks
 {
     public class BenchmarkRuleset : BenchmarkTest
     {
-        private OsuRuleset ruleset;
+        private OsuRuleset ruleset = null!;
-        private APIMod apiModDoubleTime;
+        private APIMod apiModDoubleTime = null!;
-        private APIMod apiModDifficultyAdjust;
+        private APIMod apiModDifficultyAdjust = null!;
 
         public override void SetUp()
         {

osu.Game.Benchmarks/BenchmarkTest.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
 using NUnit.Framework;

osu.Game.Benchmarks/Program.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Configs;
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests/Skinning/TestSceneBarLine.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.UI;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Skinning
+{
+    public class TestSceneBarLine : ManiaSkinnableTestScene
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMinor()
+        {
+            AddStep("Create barlines", () => recreate());
+        }
+
+        private void recreate(Func<IEnumerable<BarLine>>? createBarLines = null)
+        {
+            var stageDefinitions = new List<StageDefinition>
+            {
+                new StageDefinition { Columns = 4 },
+            };
+
+            SetContents(_ => new ManiaPlayfield(stageDefinitions).With(s =>
+            {
+                if (createBarLines != null)
+                {
+                    var barLines = createBarLines();
+
+                    foreach (var b in barLines)
+                        s.Add(b);
+
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
+                {
+                    s.Add(new BarLine
+                    {
+                        StartTime = Time.Current + i * 500,
+                        Major = i % 4 == 0,
+                    });
+                }
+            }));
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/LegacyMainCirclePieceTest.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using Moq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.OpenGL.Textures;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
@@ -19,6 +20,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
     [HeadlessTest]
     public class LegacyMainCirclePieceTest : OsuTestScene
     {
+        [Resolved]
+        private IRenderer renderer { get; set; } = null!;
+
         private static readonly object?[][] texture_priority_cases =
         {
             // default priority lookup
@@ -76,7 +80,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 skin.Setup(s => s.GetTexture(It.IsAny<string>())).CallBase();
 
                 skin.Setup(s => s.GetTexture(It.IsIn(textureFilenames), It.IsAny<WrapMode>(), It.IsAny<WrapMode>()))
-                    .Returns((string componentName, WrapMode _, WrapMode _) => new Texture(1, 1) { AssetName = componentName });
+                    .Returns((string componentName, WrapMode _, WrapMode _) =>
+                    {
+                        var tex = renderer.CreateTexture(1, 1);
+                        tex.AssetName = componentName;
+                        return tex;
+                    });
 
                 Child = new DependencyProvidingContainer
                 {
@@ -84,7 +93,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                     Child = piece = new TestLegacyMainCirclePiece(priorityLookup),
                 };
 
-                var sprites = this.ChildrenOfType<Sprite>().Where(s => s.Texture.AssetName != null).DistinctBy(s => s.Texture.AssetName).ToArray();
+                var sprites = this.ChildrenOfType<Sprite>().Where(s => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(s.Texture.AssetName)).DistinctBy(s => s.Texture.AssetName).ToArray();
                 Debug.Assert(sprites.Length <= 2);
             });
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/OsuModTestScene.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Tests.Visual;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModAlternate.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModAutoplay.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Framework.Extensions.ObjectExtensions;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 
         private void runSpmTest(Mod mod)
         {
-            SpinnerSpmCalculator spmCalculator = null;
+            SpinnerSpmCalculator? spmCalculator = null;
 
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData
             {
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
                 return spmCalculator != null;
             });
 
-            AddUntilStep("SPM is correct", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(spmCalculator.Result.Value, 477, 5));
+            AddUntilStep("SPM is correct", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(spmCalculator.AsNonNull().Result.Value, 477, 5));
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModDifficultyAdjust.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModDoubleTime.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
             {
                 Mod = mod,
                 PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.JudgedHits >= 2 &&
-                                      Precision.AlmostEquals(Player.GameplayClockContainer.GameplayClock.Rate, mod.SpeedChange.Value)
+                                      Precision.AlmostEquals(Player.GameplayClockContainer.Rate, mod.SpeedChange.Value)
             });
         }
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModHidden.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
 
         private class TestOsuModHidden : OsuModHidden
         {
-            public new HitObject FirstObject => base.FirstObject;
+            public new HitObject? FirstObject => base.FirstObject;
         }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModMagnetised.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModMuted.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
         [Test]
         public void TestModCopy()
         {
-            OsuModMuted muted = null;
+            OsuModMuted muted = null!;
 
             AddStep("create inversed mod", () => muted = new OsuModMuted
             {

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModNoScope.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModPerfect.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModRepel.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
+{
+    public class TestSceneOsuModRepel : OsuModTestScene
+    {
+        [TestCase(0.1f)]
+        [TestCase(0.5f)]
+        [TestCase(1)]
+        public void TestRepel(float strength)
+        {
+            CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+            {
+                Mod = new OsuModRepel
+                {
+                    RepulsionStrength = { Value = strength },
+                },
+                PassCondition = () => true,
+                Autoplay = false,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModSingleTap.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Timing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Replays;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Replays;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
+{
+    public class TestSceneOsuModSingleTap : OsuModTestScene
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestInputSingular() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new OsuModSingleTap(),
+            PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 2,
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 500,
+                        Position = new Vector2(100),
+                    },
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Position = new Vector2(200, 100),
+                    },
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1500,
+                        Position = new Vector2(300, 100),
+                    },
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 2000,
+                        Position = new Vector2(400, 100),
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new OsuReplayFrame(500, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(501, new Vector2(100)),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(200, 100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+            }
+        });
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestInputAlternating() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new OsuModSingleTap(),
+            PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 0 && Player.ScoreProcessor.HighestCombo.Value == 1,
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 500,
+                        Position = new Vector2(100),
+                    },
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Position = new Vector2(200, 100),
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                new OsuReplayFrame(500, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(501, new Vector2(100)),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(200, 100), OsuAction.RightButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1001, new Vector2(200, 100)),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1500, new Vector2(300, 100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1501, new Vector2(300, 100)),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(2000, new Vector2(400, 100), OsuAction.RightButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(2001, new Vector2(400, 100)),
+            }
+        });
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures singletapping is reset before the first hitobject after intro.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestInputAlternatingAtIntro() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new OsuModSingleTap(),
+            PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 1,
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 1000,
+                        Position = new Vector2(100),
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                // first press during intro.
+                new OsuReplayFrame(500, new Vector2(200), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(501, new Vector2(200)),
+                // press different key at hitobject and ensure it has been hit.
+                new OsuReplayFrame(1000, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.RightButton),
+            }
+        });
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures singletapping is reset before the first hitobject after a break.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestInputAlternatingWithBreak() => CreateModTest(new ModTestData
+        {
+            Mod = new OsuModSingleTap(),
+            PassCondition = () => Player.ScoreProcessor.Combo.Value == 0 && Player.ScoreProcessor.HighestCombo.Value == 2,
+            Autoplay = false,
+            Beatmap = new Beatmap
+            {
+                Breaks = new List<BreakPeriod>
+                {
+                    new BreakPeriod(500, 2000),
+                },
+                HitObjects = new List<HitObject>
+                {
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 500,
+                        Position = new Vector2(100),
+                    },
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 2500,
+                        Position = new Vector2(500, 100),
+                    },
+                    new HitCircle
+                    {
+                        StartTime = 3000,
+                        Position = new Vector2(500, 100),
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            ReplayFrames = new List<ReplayFrame>
+            {
+                // first press to start singletap lock.
+                new OsuReplayFrame(500, new Vector2(100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(501, new Vector2(100)),
+                // press different key after break but before hit object.
+                new OsuReplayFrame(2250, new Vector2(300, 100), OsuAction.RightButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(2251, new Vector2(300, 100)),
+                // press same key at second hitobject and ensure it has been hit.
+                new OsuReplayFrame(2500, new Vector2(500, 100), OsuAction.LeftButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(2501, new Vector2(500, 100)),
+                // press different key at third hitobject and ensure it has been missed.
+                new OsuReplayFrame(3000, new Vector2(500, 100), OsuAction.RightButton),
+                new OsuReplayFrame(3001, new Vector2(500, 100)),
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/Mods/TestSceneOsuModSpunOut.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -30,8 +28,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
         [Test]
         public void TestSpinnerAutoCompleted()
         {
-            DrawableSpinner spinner = null;
+            DrawableSpinner? spinner = null;
-            JudgementResult lastResult = null;
+            JudgementResult? lastResult = null;
 
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData
             {
@@ -63,11 +61,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
         [TestCase(null)]
         [TestCase(typeof(OsuModDoubleTime))]
         [TestCase(typeof(OsuModHalfTime))]
-        public void TestSpinRateUnaffectedByMods(Type additionalModType)
+        public void TestSpinRateUnaffectedByMods(Type? additionalModType)
         {
             var mods = new List<Mod> { new OsuModSpunOut() };
             if (additionalModType != null)
-                mods.Add((Mod)Activator.CreateInstance(additionalModType));
+                mods.Add((Mod)Activator.CreateInstance(additionalModType)!);
 
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData
             {
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Mods
         [Test]
         public void TestSpinnerGetsNoBonusScore()
         {
-            DrawableSpinner spinner = null;
+            DrawableSpinner? spinner = null;
             List<JudgementResult> results = new List<JudgementResult>();
 
             CreateModTest(new ModTestData

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/OsuDifficultyCalculatorTest.cs

@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
     {
         protected override string ResourceAssembly => "osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu";
 
-        [TestCase(6.6972307565739273d, 206, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(6.7115569159190587d, 206, "diffcalc-test")]
-        [TestCase(1.4484754139145539d, 45, "zero-length-sliders")]
+        [TestCase(1.4391311903612753d, 45, "zero-length-sliders")]
         public void Test(double expectedStarRating, int expectedMaxCombo, string name)
             => base.Test(expectedStarRating, expectedMaxCombo, name);
 
-        [TestCase(8.9382559208689809d, 206, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(8.9757300665532966d, 206, "diffcalc-test")]
-        [TestCase(1.7548875851757628d, 45, "zero-length-sliders")]
+        [TestCase(1.7437232654020756d, 45, "zero-length-sliders")]
         public void TestClockRateAdjusted(double expectedStarRating, int expectedMaxCombo, string name)
             => Test(expectedStarRating, expectedMaxCombo, name, new OsuModDoubleTime());
 
-        [TestCase(6.6972307218715166d, 239, "diffcalc-test")]
+        [TestCase(6.7115569159190587d, 239, "diffcalc-test")]
-        [TestCase(1.4484754139145537d, 54, "zero-length-sliders")]
+        [TestCase(1.4391311903612753d, 54, "zero-length-sliders")]
         public void TestClassicMod(double expectedStarRating, int expectedMaxCombo, string name)
             => Test(expectedStarRating, expectedMaxCombo, name, new OsuModClassic());
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneCursorTrail.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ using osu.Framework.Audio.Sample;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.OpenGL.Textures;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Rendering;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Testing.Input;
 using osu.Game.Audio;
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
 {
     public class TestSceneCursorTrail : OsuTestScene
     {
+        [Resolved]
+        private IRenderer renderer { get; set; }
+
         [Test]
         public void TestSmoothCursorTrail()
         {
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             createTest(() =>
             {
-                var skinContainer = new LegacySkinContainer(false);
+                var skinContainer = new LegacySkinContainer(renderer, false);
                 var legacyCursorTrail = new LegacyCursorTrail(skinContainer);
 
                 skinContainer.Child = legacyCursorTrail;
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         {
             createTest(() =>
             {
-                var skinContainer = new LegacySkinContainer(true);
+                var skinContainer = new LegacySkinContainer(renderer, true);
                 var legacyCursorTrail = new LegacyCursorTrail(skinContainer);
 
                 skinContainer.Child = legacyCursorTrail;
@@ -82,10 +85,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         [Cached(typeof(ISkinSource))]
         private class LegacySkinContainer : Container, ISkinSource
         {
+            private readonly IRenderer renderer;
             private readonly bool disjoint;
 
-            public LegacySkinContainer(bool disjoint)
+            public LegacySkinContainer(IRenderer renderer, bool disjoint)
             {
+                this.renderer = renderer;
                 this.disjoint = disjoint;
 
                 RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
@@ -98,14 +103,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 switch (componentName)
                 {
                     case "cursortrail":
-                        var tex = new Texture(Texture.WhitePixel.TextureGL);
+                        var tex = new Texture(renderer.WhitePixel);
 
                         if (disjoint)
                             tex.ScaleAdjust = 1 / 25f;
                         return tex;
 
                     case "cursormiddle":
-                        return disjoint ? null : Texture.WhitePixel;
+                        return disjoint ? null : renderer.WhitePixel;
                 }
 
                 return null;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneGameplayCursor.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Audio.Sample;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.OpenGL.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Shapes;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Input;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSkinFallbacks.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Audio.Sample;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics.OpenGL.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
 using osu.Framework.Timing;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSliderSnaking.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Skinning.Default;
 using osu.Game.Storyboards;
+using osu.Game.Tests;
 using osuTK;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
@@ -71,6 +72,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         [TestCase(0)]
         [TestCase(1)]
         [TestCase(2)]
+        [FlakyTest]
+        /*
+         * Fail rate around 0.15%
+         *
+         * TearDown : System.TimeoutException : "wait for seek to finish" timed out
+         *   --TearDown
+         *      at osu.Framework.Testing.Drawables.Steps.UntilStepButton.<>c__DisplayClass11_0.<.ctor>b__0()
+         *      at osu.Framework.Testing.Drawables.Steps.StepButton.PerformStep(Boolean userTriggered)
+         *      at osu.Framework.Testing.TestScene.runNextStep(Action onCompletion, Action`1 onError, Func`2 stopCondition)
+         */
         public void TestSnakingEnabled(int sliderIndex)
         {
             AddStep("enable autoplay", () => autoplay = true);
@@ -95,6 +106,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         [TestCase(0)]
         [TestCase(1)]
         [TestCase(2)]
+        [FlakyTest]
+        /*
+         * Fail rate around 0.15%
+         *
+         * TearDown : System.TimeoutException : "wait for seek to finish" timed out
+         *   --TearDown
+         *      at osu.Framework.Testing.Drawables.Steps.UntilStepButton.<>c__DisplayClass11_0.<.ctor>b__0()
+         *      at osu.Framework.Testing.Drawables.Steps.StepButton.PerformStep(Boolean userTriggered)
+         *      at osu.Framework.Testing.TestScene.runNextStep(Action onCompletion, Action`1 onError, Func`2 stopCondition)
+         */
         public void TestSnakingDisabled(int sliderIndex)
         {
             AddStep("have autoplay", () => autoplay = true);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/TestSceneSpinnerRotation.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -12,7 +10,6 @@ using osu.Framework.Audio;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Framework.Testing;
 using osu.Framework.Timing;
-using osu.Framework.Utils;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Replays;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
@@ -36,16 +33,16 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
         private const double spinner_duration = 6000;
 
         [Resolved]
-        private AudioManager audioManager { get; set; }
+        private AudioManager audioManager { get; set; } = null!;
 
         protected override bool Autoplay => true;
 
         protected override TestPlayer CreatePlayer(Ruleset ruleset) => new ScoreExposedPlayer();
 
-        protected override WorkingBeatmap CreateWorkingBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap, Storyboard storyboard = null)
+        protected override WorkingBeatmap CreateWorkingBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap, Storyboard? storyboard = null)
             => new ClockBackedTestWorkingBeatmap(beatmap, storyboard, new FramedClock(new ManualClock { Rate = 1 }), audioManager);
 
-        private DrawableSpinner drawableSpinner;
+        private DrawableSpinner drawableSpinner = null!;
         private SpriteIcon spinnerSymbol => drawableSpinner.ChildrenOfType<SpriteIcon>().Single();
 
         [SetUpSteps]
@@ -67,12 +64,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             {
                 trackerRotationTolerance = Math.Abs(drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation * 0.1f);
             });
-            AddAssert("is disc rotation not almost 0", () => !Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, 0, 100));
+            AddAssert("is disc rotation not almost 0", () => drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, () => Is.Not.EqualTo(0).Within(100));
-            AddAssert("is disc rotation absolute not almost 0", () => !Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, 0, 100));
+            AddAssert("is disc rotation absolute not almost 0", () => drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, () => Is.Not.EqualTo(0).Within(100));
 
             addSeekStep(0);
-            AddAssert("is disc rotation almost 0", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, 0, trackerRotationTolerance));
+            AddAssert("is disc rotation almost 0", () => drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, () => Is.EqualTo(0).Within(trackerRotationTolerance));
-            AddAssert("is disc rotation absolute almost 0", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, 0, 100));
+            AddAssert("is disc rotation absolute almost 0", () => drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, () => Is.EqualTo(0).Within(100));
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -100,20 +97,20 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
                 // we want to make sure that the rotation at time 2500 is in the same direction as at time 5000, but about half-way in.
                 // due to the exponential damping applied we're allowing a larger margin of error of about 10%
                 // (5% relative to the final rotation value, but we're half-way through the spin).
-                () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, finalTrackerRotation / 2, trackerRotationTolerance));
+                () => drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, () => Is.EqualTo(finalTrackerRotation / 2).Within(trackerRotationTolerance));
             AddAssert("symbol rotation rewound",
-                () => Precision.AlmostEquals(spinnerSymbol.Rotation, finalSpinnerSymbolRotation / 2, spinnerSymbolRotationTolerance));
+                () => spinnerSymbol.Rotation, () => Is.EqualTo(finalSpinnerSymbolRotation / 2).Within(spinnerSymbolRotationTolerance));
             AddAssert("is cumulative rotation rewound",
                 // cumulative rotation is not damped, so we're treating it as the "ground truth" and allowing a comparatively smaller margin of error.
-                () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, finalCumulativeTrackerRotation / 2, 100));
+                () => drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, () => Is.EqualTo(finalCumulativeTrackerRotation / 2).Within(100));
 
             addSeekStep(spinner_start_time + 5000);
             AddAssert("is disc rotation almost same",
-                () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, finalTrackerRotation, trackerRotationTolerance));
+                () => drawableSpinner.RotationTracker.Rotation, () => Is.EqualTo(finalTrackerRotation).Within(trackerRotationTolerance));
             AddAssert("is symbol rotation almost same",
-                () => Precision.AlmostEquals(spinnerSymbol.Rotation, finalSpinnerSymbolRotation, spinnerSymbolRotationTolerance));
+                () => spinnerSymbol.Rotation, () => Is.EqualTo(finalSpinnerSymbolRotation).Within(spinnerSymbolRotationTolerance));
             AddAssert("is cumulative rotation almost same",
-                () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, finalCumulativeTrackerRotation, 100));
+                () => drawableSpinner.Result.RateAdjustedRotation, () => Is.EqualTo(finalCumulativeTrackerRotation).Within(100));
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -177,10 +174,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddStep("retrieve spm", () => estimatedSpm = drawableSpinner.SpinsPerMinute.Value);
 
             addSeekStep(2000);
-            AddAssert("spm still valid", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.SpinsPerMinute.Value, estimatedSpm, 1.0));
+            AddAssert("spm still valid", () => drawableSpinner.SpinsPerMinute.Value, () => Is.EqualTo(estimatedSpm).Within(1.0));
 
             addSeekStep(1000);
-            AddAssert("spm still valid", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(drawableSpinner.SpinsPerMinute.Value, estimatedSpm, 1.0));
+            AddAssert("spm still valid", () => drawableSpinner.SpinsPerMinute.Value, () => Is.EqualTo(estimatedSpm).Within(1.0));
         }
 
         [TestCase(0.5)]
@@ -202,14 +199,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests
             AddStep("adjust track rate", () => ((MasterGameplayClockContainer)Player.GameplayClockContainer).UserPlaybackRate.Value = rate);
 
             addSeekStep(1000);
-            AddAssert("progress almost same", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(expectedProgress, drawableSpinner.Progress, 0.05));
+            AddAssert("progress almost same", () => expectedProgress, () => Is.EqualTo(drawableSpinner.Progress).Within(0.05));
-            AddAssert("spm almost same", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(expectedSpm, drawableSpinner.SpinsPerMinute.Value, 2.0));
+            AddAssert("spm almost same", () => expectedSpm, () => Is.EqualTo(drawableSpinner.SpinsPerMinute.Value).Within(2.0));
         }
 
         private void addSeekStep(double time)
         {
             AddStep($"seek to {time}", () => Player.GameplayClockContainer.Seek(time));
-            AddUntilStep("wait for seek to finish", () => Precision.AlmostEquals(time, Player.DrawableRuleset.FrameStableClock.CurrentTime, 100));
+            AddUntilStep("wait for seek to finish", () => time, () => Is.EqualTo(Player.DrawableRuleset.FrameStableClock.CurrentTime).Within(100));
         }
 
         private void transformReplay(Func<Replay, Replay> replayTransformation) => AddStep("set replay", () =>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests/osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.csproj

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <Import Project="..\osu.TestProject.props" />
   <ItemGroup Label="Package References">
-    <PackageReference Include="Appveyor.TestLogger" Version="2.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.17.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.18.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.1.0" />
     <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="2.1.4" />

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Evaluators/AimEvaluator.cs

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
     public static class AimEvaluator
     {
         private const double wide_angle_multiplier = 1.5;
-        private const double acute_angle_multiplier = 2.0;
+        private const double acute_angle_multiplier = 1.95;
-        private const double slider_multiplier = 1.5;
+        private const double slider_multiplier = 1.35;
         private const double velocity_change_multiplier = 0.75;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -108,19 +108,13 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
                 // Reward for % distance up to 125 / strainTime for overlaps where velocity is still changing.
                 double overlapVelocityBuff = Math.Min(125 / Math.Min(osuCurrObj.StrainTime, osuLastObj.StrainTime), Math.Abs(prevVelocity - currVelocity));
 
-                // Reward for % distance slowed down compared to previous, paying attention to not award overlap
+                velocityChangeBonus = overlapVelocityBuff * distRatio;
-                double nonOverlapVelocityBuff = Math.Abs(prevVelocity - currVelocity)
-                                                // do not award overlap
-                                                * Math.Pow(Math.Sin(Math.PI / 2 * Math.Min(1, Math.Min(osuCurrObj.LazyJumpDistance, osuLastObj.LazyJumpDistance) / 100)), 2);
-
-                // Choose the largest bonus, multiplied by ratio.
-                velocityChangeBonus = Math.Max(overlapVelocityBuff, nonOverlapVelocityBuff) * distRatio;
 
                 // Penalize for rhythm changes.
                 velocityChangeBonus *= Math.Pow(Math.Min(osuCurrObj.StrainTime, osuLastObj.StrainTime) / Math.Max(osuCurrObj.StrainTime, osuLastObj.StrainTime), 2);
             }
 
-            if (osuLastObj.TravelTime != 0)
+            if (osuLastObj.BaseObject is Slider)
             {
                 // Reward sliders based on velocity.
                 sliderBonus = osuLastObj.TravelDistance / osuLastObj.TravelTime;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Evaluators/FlashlightEvaluator.cs

@@ -15,11 +15,15 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
         private const double max_opacity_bonus = 0.4;
         private const double hidden_bonus = 0.2;
 
+        private const double min_velocity = 0.5;
+        private const double slider_multiplier = 1.3;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Evaluates the difficulty of memorising and hitting an object, based on:
         /// <list type="bullet">
-        /// <item><description>distance between the previous and current object,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>distance between a number of previous objects and the current object,</description></item>
         /// <item><description>the visual opacity of the current object,</description></item>
+        /// <item><description>length and speed of the current object (for sliders),</description></item>
         /// <item><description>and whether the hidden mod is enabled.</description></item>
         /// </list>
         /// </summary>
@@ -73,6 +77,26 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Evaluators
             if (hidden)
                 result *= 1.0 + hidden_bonus;
 
+            double sliderBonus = 0.0;
+
+            if (osuCurrent.BaseObject is Slider osuSlider)
+            {
+                // Invert the scaling factor to determine the true travel distance independent of circle size.
+                double pixelTravelDistance = osuSlider.LazyTravelDistance / scalingFactor;
+
+                // Reward sliders based on velocity.
+                sliderBonus = Math.Pow(Math.Max(0.0, pixelTravelDistance / osuCurrent.TravelTime - min_velocity), 0.5);
+
+                // Longer sliders require more memorisation.
+                sliderBonus *= pixelTravelDistance;
+
+                // Nerf sliders with repeats, as less memorisation is required.
+                if (osuSlider.RepeatCount > 0)
+                    sliderBonus /= (osuSlider.RepeatCount + 1);
+            }
+
+            result += sliderBonus * slider_multiplier;
+
             return result;
         }
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuDifficultyCalculator.cs

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
         private const double difficulty_multiplier = 0.0675;
         private double hitWindowGreat;
 
+        public override int Version => 20220701;
+
         public OsuDifficultyCalculator(IRulesetInfo ruleset, IWorkingBeatmap beatmap)
             : base(ruleset, beatmap)
         {
@@ -44,7 +46,11 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
             double sliderFactor = aimRating > 0 ? aimRatingNoSliders / aimRating : 1;
 
             if (mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax))
+            {
+                aimRating *= 0.9;
                 speedRating = 0.0;
+                flashlightRating *= 0.7;
+            }
 
             double baseAimPerformance = Math.Pow(5 * Math.Max(1, aimRating / 0.0675) - 4, 3) / 100000;
             double baseSpeedPerformance = Math.Pow(5 * Math.Max(1, speedRating / 0.0675) - 4, 3) / 100000;
@@ -60,7 +66,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
                     Math.Pow(baseFlashlightPerformance, 1.1), 1.0 / 1.1
                 );
 
-            double starRating = basePerformance > 0.00001 ? Math.Cbrt(1.12) * 0.027 * (Math.Cbrt(100000 / Math.Pow(2, 1 / 1.1) * basePerformance) + 4) : 0;
+            double starRating = basePerformance > 0.00001 ? Math.Cbrt(OsuPerformanceCalculator.PERFORMANCE_BASE_MULTIPLIER) * 0.027 * (Math.Cbrt(100000 / Math.Pow(2, 1 / 1.1) * basePerformance) + 4) : 0;
 
             double preempt = IBeatmapDifficultyInfo.DifficultyRange(beatmap.Difficulty.ApproachRate, 1800, 1200, 450) / clockRate;
             double drainRate = beatmap.Difficulty.DrainRate;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/OsuPerformanceCalculator.cs

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 {
     public class OsuPerformanceCalculator : PerformanceCalculator
     {
+        public const double PERFORMANCE_BASE_MULTIPLIER = 1.14; // This is being adjusted to keep the final pp value scaled around what it used to be when changing things.
+
         private double accuracy;
         private int scoreMaxCombo;
         private int countGreat;
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
             countMiss = score.Statistics.GetValueOrDefault(HitResult.Miss);
             effectiveMissCount = calculateEffectiveMissCount(osuAttributes);
 
-            double multiplier = 1.12; // This is being adjusted to keep the final pp value scaled around what it used to be when changing things.
+            double multiplier = PERFORMANCE_BASE_MULTIPLIER;
 
             if (score.Mods.Any(m => m is OsuModNoFail))
                 multiplier *= Math.Max(0.90, 1.0 - 0.02 * effectiveMissCount);
@@ -51,10 +53,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
             if (score.Mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax))
             {
-                // As we're adding Oks and Mehs to an approximated number of combo breaks the result can be higher than total hits in specific scenarios (which breaks some calculations) so we need to clamp it.
+                // https://www.desmos.com/calculator/bc9eybdthb
-                effectiveMissCount = Math.Min(effectiveMissCount + countOk + countMeh, totalHits);
+                // we use OD13.3 as maximum since it's the value at which great hitwidow becomes 0
+                // this is well beyond currently maximum achievable OD which is 12.17 (DTx2 + DA with OD11)
+                double okMultiplier = Math.Max(0.0, osuAttributes.OverallDifficulty > 0.0 ? 1 - Math.Pow(osuAttributes.OverallDifficulty / 13.33, 1.8) : 1.0);
+                double mehMultiplier = Math.Max(0.0, osuAttributes.OverallDifficulty > 0.0 ? 1 - Math.Pow(osuAttributes.OverallDifficulty / 13.33, 5) : 1.0);
 
-                multiplier *= 0.6;
+                // As we're adding Oks and Mehs to an approximated number of combo breaks the result can be higher than total hits in specific scenarios (which breaks some calculations) so we need to clamp it.
+                effectiveMissCount = Math.Min(effectiveMissCount + countOk * okMultiplier + countMeh * mehMultiplier, totalHits);
             }
 
             double aimValue = computeAimValue(score, osuAttributes);
@@ -103,7 +109,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
             if (attributes.ApproachRate > 10.33)
                 approachRateFactor = 0.3 * (attributes.ApproachRate - 10.33);
             else if (attributes.ApproachRate < 8.0)
-                approachRateFactor = 0.1 * (8.0 - attributes.ApproachRate);
+                approachRateFactor = 0.05 * (8.0 - attributes.ApproachRate);
+
+            if (score.Mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax))
+                approachRateFactor = 0.0;
 
             aimValue *= 1.0 + approachRateFactor * lengthBonus; // Buff for longer maps with high AR.
 
@@ -134,6 +143,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
         private double computeSpeedValue(ScoreInfo score, OsuDifficultyAttributes attributes)
         {
+            if (score.Mods.Any(h => h is OsuModRelax))
+                return 0.0;
+
             double speedValue = Math.Pow(5.0 * Math.Max(1.0, attributes.SpeedDifficulty / 0.0675) - 4.0, 3.0) / 100000.0;
 
             double lengthBonus = 0.95 + 0.4 * Math.Min(1.0, totalHits / 2000.0) +
@@ -174,7 +186,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
             speedValue *= (0.95 + Math.Pow(attributes.OverallDifficulty, 2) / 750) * Math.Pow((accuracy + relevantAccuracy) / 2.0, (14.5 - Math.Max(attributes.OverallDifficulty, 8)) / 2);
 
             // Scale the speed value with # of 50s to punish doubletapping.
-            speedValue *= Math.Pow(0.98, countMeh < totalHits / 500.0 ? 0 : countMeh - totalHits / 500.0);
+            speedValue *= Math.Pow(0.99, countMeh < totalHits / 500.0 ? 0 : countMeh - totalHits / 500.0);
 
             return speedValue;
         }
@@ -266,6 +278,5 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty
 
         private double getComboScalingFactor(OsuDifficultyAttributes attributes) => attributes.MaxCombo <= 0 ? 1.0 : Math.Min(Math.Pow(scoreMaxCombo, 0.8) / Math.Pow(attributes.MaxCombo, 0.8), 1.0);
         private int totalHits => countGreat + countOk + countMeh + countMiss;
-        private int totalSuccessfulHits => countGreat + countOk + countMeh;
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Preprocessing/OsuDifficultyHitObject.cs

@@ -15,10 +15,14 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
 {
     public class OsuDifficultyHitObject : DifficultyHitObject
     {
-        private const int normalised_radius = 50; // Change radius to 50 to make 100 the diameter. Easier for mental maths.
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A distance by which all distances should be scaled in order to assume a uniform circle size.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int NORMALISED_RADIUS = 50; // Change radius to 50 to make 100 the diameter. Easier for mental maths.
+
         private const int min_delta_time = 25;
-        private const float maximum_slider_radius = normalised_radius * 2.4f;
+        private const float maximum_slider_radius = NORMALISED_RADIUS * 2.4f;
-        private const float assumed_slider_radius = normalised_radius * 1.8f;
+        private const float assumed_slider_radius = NORMALISED_RADIUS * 1.8f;
 
         protected new OsuHitObject BaseObject => (OsuHitObject)base.BaseObject;
 
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
         public double TravelDistance { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// The time taken to travel through <see cref="TravelDistance"/>, with a minimum value of 25ms for a non-zero distance.
+        /// The time taken to travel through <see cref="TravelDistance"/>, with a minimum value of 25ms for <see cref="Slider"/> objects.
         /// </summary>
         public double TravelTime { get; private set; }
 
@@ -123,7 +127,8 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
             if (BaseObject is Slider currentSlider)
             {
                 computeSliderCursorPosition(currentSlider);
-                TravelDistance = currentSlider.LazyTravelDistance;
+                // Bonus for repeat sliders until a better per nested object strain system can be achieved.
+                TravelDistance = currentSlider.LazyTravelDistance * (float)Math.Pow(1 + currentSlider.RepeatCount / 2.5, 1.0 / 2.5);
                 TravelTime = Math.Max(currentSlider.LazyTravelTime / clockRate, min_delta_time);
             }
 
@@ -132,7 +137,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
                 return;
 
             // We will scale distances by this factor, so we can assume a uniform CircleSize among beatmaps.
-            float scalingFactor = normalised_radius / (float)BaseObject.Radius;
+            float scalingFactor = NORMALISED_RADIUS / (float)BaseObject.Radius;
 
             if (BaseObject.Radius < 30)
             {
@@ -206,7 +211,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
 
             slider.LazyEndPosition = slider.StackedPosition + slider.Path.PositionAt(endTimeMin); // temporary lazy end position until a real result can be derived.
             var currCursorPosition = slider.StackedPosition;
-            double scalingFactor = normalised_radius / slider.Radius; // lazySliderDistance is coded to be sensitive to scaling, this makes the maths easier with the thresholds being used.
+            double scalingFactor = NORMALISED_RADIUS / slider.Radius; // lazySliderDistance is coded to be sensitive to scaling, this makes the maths easier with the thresholds being used.
 
             for (int i = 1; i < slider.NestedHitObjects.Count; i++)
             {
@@ -234,7 +239,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
                 else if (currMovementObj is SliderRepeat)
                 {
                     // For a slider repeat, assume a tighter movement threshold to better assess repeat sliders.
-                    requiredMovement = normalised_radius;
+                    requiredMovement = NORMALISED_RADIUS;
                 }
 
                 if (currMovementLength > requiredMovement)
@@ -248,8 +253,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Preprocessing
                 if (i == slider.NestedHitObjects.Count - 1)
                     slider.LazyEndPosition = currCursorPosition;
             }
-
-            slider.LazyTravelDistance *= (float)Math.Pow(1 + slider.RepeatCount / 2.5, 1.0 / 2.5); // Bonus for repeat sliders until a better per nested object strain system can be achieved.
         }
 
         private Vector2 getEndCursorPosition(OsuHitObject hitObject)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Difficulty/Skills/Aim.cs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Difficulty.Skills
 
         private double currentStrain;
 
-        private double skillMultiplier => 23.25;
+        private double skillMultiplier => 23.55;
         private double strainDecayBase => 0.15;
 
         private double strainDecay(double ms) => Math.Pow(strainDecayBase, ms / 1000);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Edit/Blueprints/Sliders/SliderPlacementBlueprint.cs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.HitCircles.Components;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders.Components;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 using osu.Game.Screens.Edit;
 using osuTK;
 using osuTK.Input;
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
 {
     public class SliderPlacementBlueprint : PlacementBlueprint
     {
-        public new Objects.Slider HitObject => (Objects.Slider)base.HitObject;
+        public new Slider HitObject => (Slider)base.HitObject;
 
         private SliderBodyPiece bodyPiece;
         private HitCirclePiece headCirclePiece;
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
         private IDistanceSnapProvider snapProvider { get; set; }
 
         public SliderPlacementBlueprint()
-            : base(new Objects.Slider())
+            : base(new Slider())
         {
             RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both;
 
@@ -82,7 +83,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Edit.Blueprints.Sliders
                 case SliderPlacementState.Initial:
                     BeginPlacement();
 
-                    var nearestDifficultyPoint = editorBeatmap.HitObjects.LastOrDefault(h => h.GetEndTime() < HitObject.StartTime)?.DifficultyControlPoint?.DeepClone() as DifficultyControlPoint;
+                    var nearestDifficultyPoint = editorBeatmap.HitObjects
+                                                              .LastOrDefault(h => h is Slider && h.GetEndTime() < HitObject.StartTime)?
+                                                              .DifficultyControlPoint?.DeepClone() as DifficultyControlPoint;
 
                     HitObject.DifficultyControlPoint = nearestDifficultyPoint ?? new DifficultyControlPoint();
                     HitObject.Position = ToLocalSpace(result.ScreenSpacePosition);

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/IHidesApproachCircles.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     /// <summary>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/IRequiresApproachCircles.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     /// <summary>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/InputBlockingMod.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
+using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
+using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Timing;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
+using osu.Game.Utils;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
+{
+    public abstract class InputBlockingMod : Mod, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject>
+    {
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1.0;
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(ModRelax), typeof(OsuModCinema) };
+        public override ModType Type => ModType.Conversion;
+
+        private const double flash_duration = 1000;
+
+        private DrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject> ruleset = null!;
+
+        protected OsuAction? LastAcceptedAction { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A tracker for periods where alternate should not be forced (i.e. non-gameplay periods).
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This is different from <see cref="Player.IsBreakTime"/> in that the periods here end strictly at the first object after the break, rather than the break's end time.
+        /// </remarks>
+        private PeriodTracker nonGameplayPeriods = null!;
+
+        private IFrameStableClock gameplayClock = null!;
+
+        public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject> drawableRuleset)
+        {
+            ruleset = drawableRuleset;
+            drawableRuleset.KeyBindingInputManager.Add(new InputInterceptor(this));
+
+            var periods = new List<Period>();
+
+            if (drawableRuleset.Objects.Any())
+            {
+                periods.Add(new Period(int.MinValue, getValidJudgementTime(ruleset.Objects.First()) - 1));
+
+                foreach (BreakPeriod b in drawableRuleset.Beatmap.Breaks)
+                    periods.Add(new Period(b.StartTime, getValidJudgementTime(ruleset.Objects.First(h => h.StartTime >= b.EndTime)) - 1));
+
+                static double getValidJudgementTime(HitObject hitObject) => hitObject.StartTime - hitObject.HitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Meh);
+            }
+
+            nonGameplayPeriods = new PeriodTracker(periods);
+
+            gameplayClock = drawableRuleset.FrameStableClock;
+        }
+
+        protected abstract bool CheckValidNewAction(OsuAction action);
+
+        private bool checkCorrectAction(OsuAction action)
+        {
+            if (nonGameplayPeriods.IsInAny(gameplayClock.CurrentTime))
+            {
+                LastAcceptedAction = null;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            switch (action)
+            {
+                case OsuAction.LeftButton:
+                case OsuAction.RightButton:
+                    break;
+
+                // Any action which is not left or right button should be ignored.
+                default:
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            if (CheckValidNewAction(action))
+            {
+                LastAcceptedAction = action;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            ruleset.Cursor.FlashColour(Colour4.Red, flash_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private class InputInterceptor : Component, IKeyBindingHandler<OsuAction>
+        {
+            private readonly InputBlockingMod mod;
+
+            public InputInterceptor(InputBlockingMod mod)
+            {
+                this.mod = mod;
+            }
+
+            public bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<OsuAction> e)
+                // if the pressed action is incorrect, block it from reaching gameplay.
+                => !mod.checkCorrectAction(e.Action);
+
+            public void OnReleased(KeyBindingReleaseEvent<OsuAction> e)
+            {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModAlternate.cs

@@ -1,119 +1,20 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
-using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
-using osu.Framework.Input.Bindings;
-using osu.Framework.Input.Events;
-using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Timing;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.Scoring;
-using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
-using osu.Game.Screens.Play;
-using osu.Game.Utils;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
-    public class OsuModAlternate : Mod, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject>
+    public class OsuModAlternate : InputBlockingMod
     {
         public override string Name => @"Alternate";
         public override string Acronym => @"AL";
         public override string Description => @"Don't use the same key twice in a row!";
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1.0;
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(ModRelax) };
-        public override ModType Type => ModType.Conversion;
         public override IconUsage? Icon => FontAwesome.Solid.Keyboard;
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModSingleTap) }).ToArray();
 
-        private const double flash_duration = 1000;
+        protected override bool CheckValidNewAction(OsuAction action) => LastAcceptedAction != action;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// A tracker for periods where alternate should not be forced (i.e. non-gameplay periods).
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// This is different from <see cref="Player.IsBreakTime"/> in that the periods here end strictly at the first object after the break, rather than the break's end time.
-        /// </remarks>
-        private PeriodTracker nonGameplayPeriods;
-
-        private OsuAction? lastActionPressed;
-        private DrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject> ruleset;
-
-        private IFrameStableClock gameplayClock;
-
-        public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject> drawableRuleset)
-        {
-            ruleset = drawableRuleset;
-            drawableRuleset.KeyBindingInputManager.Add(new InputInterceptor(this));
-
-            var periods = new List<Period>();
-
-            if (drawableRuleset.Objects.Any())
-            {
-                periods.Add(new Period(int.MinValue, getValidJudgementTime(ruleset.Objects.First()) - 1));
-
-                foreach (BreakPeriod b in drawableRuleset.Beatmap.Breaks)
-                    periods.Add(new Period(b.StartTime, getValidJudgementTime(ruleset.Objects.First(h => h.StartTime >= b.EndTime)) - 1));
-
-                static double getValidJudgementTime(HitObject hitObject) => hitObject.StartTime - hitObject.HitWindows.WindowFor(HitResult.Meh);
-            }
-
-            nonGameplayPeriods = new PeriodTracker(periods);
-
-            gameplayClock = drawableRuleset.FrameStableClock;
-        }
-
-        private bool checkCorrectAction(OsuAction action)
-        {
-            if (nonGameplayPeriods.IsInAny(gameplayClock.CurrentTime))
-            {
-                lastActionPressed = null;
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            switch (action)
-            {
-                case OsuAction.LeftButton:
-                case OsuAction.RightButton:
-                    break;
-
-                // Any action which is not left or right button should be ignored.
-                default:
-                    return true;
-            }
-
-            if (lastActionPressed != action)
-            {
-                // User alternated correctly.
-                lastActionPressed = action;
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            ruleset.Cursor.FlashColour(Colour4.Red, flash_duration, Easing.OutQuint);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        private class InputInterceptor : Component, IKeyBindingHandler<OsuAction>
-        {
-            private readonly OsuModAlternate mod;
-
-            public InputInterceptor(OsuModAlternate mod)
-            {
-                this.mod = mod;
-            }
-
-            public bool OnPressed(KeyBindingPressEvent<OsuAction> e)
-                // if the pressed action is incorrect, block it from reaching gameplay.
-                => !mod.checkCorrectAction(e.Action);
-
-            public void OnReleased(KeyBindingReleaseEvent<OsuAction> e)
-            {
-            }
-        }
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModApproachDifferent.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModAutopilot.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -23,18 +21,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => OsuIcon.ModAutopilot;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Automation;
         public override string Description => @"Automatic cursor movement - just follow the rhythm.";
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 0.1;
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModSpunOut), typeof(ModRelax), typeof(ModFailCondition), typeof(ModNoFail), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModMagnetised) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModSpunOut), typeof(ModRelax), typeof(ModFailCondition), typeof(ModNoFail), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModRepel) };
 
         public bool PerformFail() => false;
 
         public bool RestartOnFail => false;
 
-        private OsuInputManager inputManager;
+        private OsuInputManager inputManager = null!;
 
-        private IFrameStableClock gameplayClock;
+        private IFrameStableClock gameplayClock = null!;
 
-        private List<OsuReplayFrame> replayFrames;
+        private List<OsuReplayFrame> replayFrames = null!;
 
         private int currentFrame;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModAutoplay.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     public class OsuModAutoplay : ModAutoplay
     {
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModSpunOut), typeof(OsuModAlternate) }).ToArray();
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModRepel), typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModSpunOut), typeof(OsuModAlternate), typeof(OsuModSingleTap) }).ToArray();
 
         public override ModReplayData CreateReplayData(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods)
             => new ModReplayData(new OsuAutoGenerator(beatmap, mods).Generate(), new ModCreatedUser { Username = "Autoplay" });

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModBarrelRoll.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModBlinds.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -30,10 +28,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => FontAwesome.Solid.Adjust;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.DifficultyIncrease;
 
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1.12;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => UsesDefaultConfiguration ? 1.12 : 1;
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModFlashlight) };
 
-        private DrawableOsuBlinds blinds;
+        private DrawableOsuBlinds blinds = null!;
 
         public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject> drawableRuleset)
         {
@@ -55,9 +53,12 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             /// <summary>
             /// Black background boxes behind blind panel textures.
             /// </summary>
-            private Box blackBoxLeft, blackBoxRight;
+            private Box blackBoxLeft = null!, blackBoxRight = null!;
 
-            private Drawable panelLeft, panelRight, bgPanelLeft, bgPanelRight;
+            private Drawable panelLeft = null!;
+            private Drawable panelRight = null!;
+            private Drawable bgPanelLeft = null!;
+            private Drawable bgPanelRight = null!;
 
             private readonly Beatmap<OsuHitObject> beatmap;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModCinema.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     public class OsuModCinema : ModCinema<OsuHitObject>
     {
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModSpunOut), typeof(OsuModAlternate) }).ToArray();
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModSpunOut), typeof(OsuModAlternate), typeof(OsuModSingleTap), typeof(OsuModRepel) }).ToArray();
 
         public override ModReplayData CreateReplayData(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyList<Mod> mods)
             => new ModReplayData(new OsuAutoGenerator(beatmap, mods).Generate(), new ModCreatedUser { Username = "Autoplay" });

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModClassic.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDaycore.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDeflate.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDifficultyAdjust.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModDoubleTime.cs

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     public class OsuModDoubleTime : ModDoubleTime
     {
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1.12;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => UsesDefaultConfiguration ? 1.12 : 1;
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModEasy.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModFlashlight.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     public class OsuModFlashlight : ModFlashlight<OsuHitObject>, IApplicableToDrawableHitObject
     {
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1.12;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => UsesDefaultConfiguration ? 1.12 : 1;
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Append(typeof(OsuModBlinds)).ToArray();
 
         private const double default_follow_delay = 120;
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
         public override float DefaultFlashlightSize => 180;
 
-        private OsuFlashlight flashlight;
+        private OsuFlashlight flashlight = null!;
 
         protected override Flashlight CreateFlashlight() => flashlight = new OsuFlashlight(this);
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModGrow.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModHalfTime.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModHardRock.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     public class OsuModHardRock : ModHardRock, IApplicableToHitObject
     {
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1.06;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => UsesDefaultConfiguration ? 1.06 : 1;
 
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Append(typeof(ModMirror)).ToArray();
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModHidden.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public Bindable<bool> OnlyFadeApproachCircles { get; } = new BindableBool();
 
         public override string Description => @"Play with no approach circles and fading circles/sliders.";
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1.06;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => UsesDefaultConfiguration ? 1.06 : 1;
 
         public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(IRequiresApproachCircles), typeof(OsuModSpinIn) };
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMagnetised.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -25,10 +23,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override IconUsage? Icon => FontAwesome.Solid.Magnet;
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
         public override string Description => "No need to chase the circles – your cursor is a magnet!";
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 0.5;
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModRelax) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModRelax), typeof(OsuModRepel) };
 
-        private IFrameStableClock gameplayClock;
+        private IFrameStableClock gameplayClock = null!;
 
         [SettingSource("Attraction strength", "How strong the pull is.", 0)]
         public BindableFloat AttractionStrength { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.5f)

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMirror.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModMuted.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModNightcore.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
 
@@ -10,6 +8,6 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     public class OsuModNightcore : ModNightcore<OsuHitObject>
     {
-        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1.12;
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => UsesDefaultConfiguration ? 1.12 : 1;
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModNoFail.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModNoScope.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
     {
         public override string Description => "Where's the cursor?";
 
-        private PeriodTracker spinnerPeriods;
+        private PeriodTracker spinnerPeriods = null!;
 
         [SettingSource(
             "Hidden at combo",

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModObjectScaleTween.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Bindables;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModPerfect.cs

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
+using System;
-
+using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 {
     public class OsuModPerfect : ModPerfect
     {
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot) }).ToArray();
     }
 }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRelax.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
     public class OsuModRelax : ModRelax, IUpdatableByPlayfield, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject>, IApplicableToPlayer
     {
         public override string Description => @"You don't need to click. Give your clicking/tapping fingers a break from the heat of things.";
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModAlternate) }).ToArray();
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModAlternate), typeof(OsuModSingleTap) }).ToArray();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// How early before a hitobject's start time to trigger a hit.
@@ -31,9 +29,9 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         private bool isDownState;
         private bool wasLeft;
 
-        private OsuInputManager osuInputManager;
+        private OsuInputManager osuInputManager = null!;
 
-        private ReplayState<OsuAction> state;
+        private ReplayState<OsuAction> state = null!;
         private double lastStateChangeTime;
 
         private bool hasReplay;
@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                     wasLeft = !wasLeft;
                 }
 
-                state?.Apply(osuInputManager.CurrentState, osuInputManager);
+                state.Apply(osuInputManager.CurrentState, osuInputManager);
             }
         }
     }

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModRepel.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Configuration;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Objects.Drawables;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.UI;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Utils;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.UI;
+using osuTK;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
+{
+    internal class OsuModRepel : Mod, IUpdatableByPlayfield, IApplicableToDrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject>
+    {
+        public override string Name => "Repel";
+        public override string Acronym => "RP";
+        public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
+        public override string Description => "Hit objects run away!";
+        public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModAutopilot), typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModTransform), typeof(ModAutoplay), typeof(OsuModMagnetised) };
+
+        private IFrameStableClock? gameplayClock;
+
+        [SettingSource("Repulsion strength", "How strong the repulsion is.", 0)]
+        public BindableFloat RepulsionStrength { get; } = new BindableFloat(0.5f)
+        {
+            Precision = 0.05f,
+            MinValue = 0.05f,
+            MaxValue = 1.0f,
+        };
+
+        public void ApplyToDrawableRuleset(DrawableRuleset<OsuHitObject> drawableRuleset)
+        {
+            gameplayClock = drawableRuleset.FrameStableClock;
+
+            // Hide judgment displays and follow points as they won't make any sense.
+            // Judgements can potentially be turned on in a future where they display at a position relative to their drawable counterpart.
+            drawableRuleset.Playfield.DisplayJudgements.Value = false;
+            (drawableRuleset.Playfield as OsuPlayfield)?.FollowPoints.Hide();
+        }
+
+        public void Update(Playfield playfield)
+        {
+            var cursorPos = playfield.Cursor.ActiveCursor.DrawPosition;
+
+            foreach (var drawable in playfield.HitObjectContainer.AliveObjects)
+            {
+                var destination = Vector2.Clamp(2 * drawable.Position - cursorPos, Vector2.Zero, OsuPlayfield.BASE_SIZE);
+
+                if (drawable.HitObject is Slider thisSlider)
+                {
+                    var possibleMovementBounds = OsuHitObjectGenerationUtils.CalculatePossibleMovementBounds(thisSlider);
+
+                    destination = Vector2.Clamp(
+                        destination,
+                        new Vector2(possibleMovementBounds.Left, possibleMovementBounds.Top),
+                        new Vector2(possibleMovementBounds.Right, possibleMovementBounds.Bottom)
+                    );
+                }
+
+                switch (drawable)
+                {
+                    case DrawableHitCircle circle:
+                        easeTo(circle, destination, cursorPos);
+                        break;
+
+                    case DrawableSlider slider:
+
+                        if (!slider.HeadCircle.Result.HasResult)
+                            easeTo(slider, destination, cursorPos);
+                        else
+                            easeTo(slider, destination - slider.Ball.DrawPosition, cursorPos);
+
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void easeTo(DrawableHitObject hitObject, Vector2 destination, Vector2 cursorPos)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(gameplayClock != null);
+
+            double dampLength = Vector2.Distance(hitObject.Position, cursorPos) / (0.04 * RepulsionStrength.Value + 0.04);
+
+            float x = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(hitObject.X, destination.X, dampLength, gameplayClock.ElapsedFrameTime);
+            float y = (float)Interpolation.DampContinuously(hitObject.Y, destination.Y, dampLength, gameplayClock.ElapsedFrameTime);
+
+            hitObject.Position = new Vector2(x, y);
+        }
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSingleTap.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
+// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
+
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
+{
+    public class OsuModSingleTap : InputBlockingMod
+    {
+        public override string Name => @"Single Tap";
+        public override string Acronym => @"SG";
+        public override string Description => @"You must only use one key!";
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => base.IncompatibleMods.Concat(new[] { typeof(OsuModAlternate) }).ToArray();
+
+        protected override bool CheckValidNewAction(OsuAction action) => LastAcceptedAction == null || LastAcceptedAction == action;
+    }
+}

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSpinIn.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSpunOut.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModStrictTracking.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModSuddenDeath.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTarget.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -96,11 +94,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
 
         #region Private Fields
 
-        private ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo;
+        private ControlPointInfo controlPointInfo = null!;
-
-        private List<OsuHitObject> originalHitObjects;
-
-        private Random rng;
 
         #endregion
 
@@ -171,16 +165,17 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override void ApplyToBeatmap(IBeatmap beatmap)
         {
             Seed.Value ??= RNG.Next();
-            rng = new Random(Seed.Value.Value);
+
+            var rng = new Random(Seed.Value.Value);
 
             var osuBeatmap = (OsuBeatmap)beatmap;
 
             if (osuBeatmap.HitObjects.Count == 0) return;
 
             controlPointInfo = osuBeatmap.ControlPointInfo;
-            originalHitObjects = osuBeatmap.HitObjects.OrderBy(x => x.StartTime).ToList();
 
-            var hitObjects = generateBeats(osuBeatmap)
+            var originalHitObjects = osuBeatmap.HitObjects.OrderBy(x => x.StartTime).ToList();
+            var hitObjects = generateBeats(osuBeatmap, originalHitObjects)
                              .Select(beat =>
                              {
                                  var newCircle = new HitCircle();
@@ -189,18 +184,18 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                                  return (OsuHitObject)newCircle;
                              }).ToList();
 
-            addHitSamples(hitObjects);
+            addHitSamples(hitObjects, originalHitObjects);
 
-            fixComboInfo(hitObjects);
+            fixComboInfo(hitObjects, originalHitObjects);
 
-            randomizeCirclePos(hitObjects);
+            randomizeCirclePos(hitObjects, rng);
 
             osuBeatmap.HitObjects = hitObjects;
 
             base.ApplyToBeatmap(beatmap);
         }
 
-        private IEnumerable<double> generateBeats(IBeatmap beatmap)
+        private IEnumerable<double> generateBeats(IBeatmap beatmap, IReadOnlyCollection<OsuHitObject> originalHitObjects)
         {
             double startTime = originalHitObjects.First().StartTime;
             double endTime = originalHitObjects.Last().GetEndTime();
@@ -213,7 +208,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
                                // Remove beats before startTime
                                .Where(beat => almostBigger(beat, startTime))
                                // Remove beats during breaks
-                               .Where(beat => !isInsideBreakPeriod(beatmap.Breaks, beat))
+                               .Where(beat => !isInsideBreakPeriod(originalHitObjects, beatmap.Breaks, beat))
                                .ToList();
 
             // Remove beats that are too close to the next one (e.g. due to timing point changes)
@@ -228,7 +223,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             return beats;
         }
 
-        private void addHitSamples(IEnumerable<OsuHitObject> hitObjects)
+        private void addHitSamples(IEnumerable<OsuHitObject> hitObjects, List<OsuHitObject> originalHitObjects)
         {
             foreach (var obj in hitObjects)
             {
@@ -240,7 +235,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             }
         }
 
-        private void fixComboInfo(List<OsuHitObject> hitObjects)
+        private void fixComboInfo(List<OsuHitObject> hitObjects, List<OsuHitObject> originalHitObjects)
         {
             // Copy combo indices from an original object at the same time or from the closest preceding object
             // (Objects lying between two combos are assumed to belong to the preceding combo)
@@ -274,7 +269,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             }
         }
 
-        private void randomizeCirclePos(IReadOnlyList<OsuHitObject> hitObjects)
+        private void randomizeCirclePos(IReadOnlyList<OsuHitObject> hitObjects, Random rng)
         {
             if (hitObjects.Count == 0) return;
 
@@ -355,9 +350,10 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         /// The given time is also considered to be inside a break if it is earlier than the
         /// start time of the first original hit object after the break.
         /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="originalHitObjects">Hit objects order by time.</param>
         /// <param name="breaks">The breaks of the beatmap.</param>
         /// <param name="time">The time to be checked.</param>=
-        private bool isInsideBreakPeriod(IEnumerable<BreakPeriod> breaks, double time)
+        private bool isInsideBreakPeriod(IReadOnlyCollection<OsuHitObject> originalHitObjects, IEnumerable<BreakPeriod> breaks, double time)
         {
             return breaks.Any(breakPeriod =>
             {
@@ -405,7 +401,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         /// <param name="hitObjects">The list of hit objects in a beatmap, ordered by StartTime</param>
         /// <param name="time">The point in time to get samples for</param>
         /// <returns>Hit samples</returns>
-        private IList<HitSampleInfo> getSamplesAtTime(IEnumerable<OsuHitObject> hitObjects, double time)
+        private IList<HitSampleInfo>? getSamplesAtTime(IEnumerable<OsuHitObject> hitObjects, double time)
         {
             // Get a hit object that
             //   either has StartTime equal to the target time

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTouchDevice.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using osu.Game.Rulesets.Mods;
 
 namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTraceable.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Extensions.Color4Extensions;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
             }
         }
 
-        private void applyCirclePieceState(DrawableOsuHitObject hitObject, IDrawable hitCircle = null)
+        private void applyCirclePieceState(DrawableOsuHitObject hitObject, IDrawable? hitCircle = null)
         {
             var h = hitObject.HitObject;
             using (hitObject.BeginAbsoluteSequence(h.StartTime - h.TimePreempt))

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu/Mods/OsuModTransform.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
-#nullable disable
-
 using System;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
@@ -22,7 +20,7 @@ namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Mods
         public override ModType Type => ModType.Fun;
         public override string Description => "Everything rotates. EVERYTHING.";
         public override double ScoreMultiplier => 1;
-        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModMagnetised) };
+        public override Type[] IncompatibleMods => new[] { typeof(OsuModWiggle), typeof(OsuModMagnetised), typeof(OsuModRepel) };
 
         private float theta;